How to Establish a Limited Liability Company (LLC) in Poland by Foreigners

Establishing a limited liability company (LLC) in Poland by foreigners is becoming an increasingly popular choice for entrepreneurs wishing to expand their business operations within the European Union. Any individual or legal entity, regardless of whether they are from Poland or abroad, can establish a company. Additionally, the company can be set up online, making the process easier and faster. In this article, we will guide you through the process of setting up an LLC in Poland as a foreigner, step by step.

1. Choosing a Company Name
The first step is to choose a company name. The name must be unique and not misleading. It's essential to check whether the chosen name is already registered in the National Court Register (KRS).

2. Przygotowanie umowy spółki
Następnym krokiem jest przygotowanie umowy spółki. Umowa musi być sporządzona w formie aktu notarialnego, chyba że spółka jest zakładana przez internet za pośrednictwem systemu S24, gdzie można skorzystać z gotowego wzoru umowy spółki. W umowie powinny znaleźć się następujące elementy:
– Nazwa i siedziba spółki.
– Przedmiot działalności.
– Wysokość kapitału zakładowego (minimum 5 000 PLN).
– Podział udziałów w spółce.

3. Registration with the National Court Register (KRS)
Company registration is carried out through the KRS. This can be done online using the S24 system or traditionally by submitting documents to the court. The registration process includes:
- Submitting the articles of association.
- Completing the registration form.
- Paying court and publication fees.

4. Obtaining NIP, REGON, and VAT Registration
After registering the company with the KRS, it receives a NIP (Tax Identification Number) and a REGON (Company Identification Number). If the company plans to engage in VAT-taxable activities, it is necessary to register as a VAT payer.

5. Opening a Bank Account
The company must open a bank account where the share capital should be deposited. The bank account will also be necessary for the company’s ongoing financial transactions.

6. Obtaining Permits and Licenses (if required)
Depending on the type of business activity, the company may need to obtain additional permits or licenses.

7. Hiring Employees and Registering with ZUS
If the company intends to hire employees, it must report this to the Social Insurance Institution (ZUS). The employer must also comply with labor law requirements.

8. Tax and Accounting Obligations
An LLC must maintain full accounting records and regularly submit tax returns. It is advisable to use the services of an accounting firm to ensure all accounting obligations are met.